117 research outputs found

    The Role of Interest in Fostering Sixth Grade Students' Identities As Competent Learners

    Full text link
    Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72489/1/0362-6784.00153.pd

    Analyse des patrimoines de données géographiques nationaux: Comparaison de trois infrastructures nationales de données géographiques (France, Brésil, Bolivie)

    Get PDF
    International audienceDue to the dual impact of systems interoperability and changes in the legal framework, institutional spatial data tends to become more and more accessible through widespread deployment of spatial data infrastructures (SDI). Comparative analysis of the content of three national SDI (France, Bolivia, Brazil) reveals a few tendancies. This contribution's originality lies in using SDI not as an aid to research but as a true object of study. Metadata analysis of three national catalogs offers a way to reconsider the logics of both formalisation and knowledge diffusion through territories.Par le double effet de l'interopérabilité des systèmes et de l'évolution du cadre légal, les patrimoines de données géographiques institutionnelles tendent aujourd'hui à être de plus en plus facilement accessibles à travers la mise en place généralisée d'infrastructures de données géographiques (IDG). L'analyse comparée du contenu de trois IDG nationales (France, Bolivie, Brésil) permet alors de révéler quelques tendances. L'originalité de cette contribution est donc de faire des IDG non pas un support à la recherche d'information mais un véritable objet de recherche. L'analyse des métadonnées des trois catalogues nationaux nous permettra alors de réinterroger les logiques de formalisation et de diffusion des connaissances sur les territoires

    Candida Transmission and Sexual Behaviors as Risks for a Repeat Episode of Candida Vulvovaginitis

    Full text link
    Objective: To assess associations between female and male factors and the risk of recurring Candida vulvovaginitis. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 148 women with Candida vulvovaginitis and 78 of their male sexual partners was conducted at two primary care practices in the Ann Arbor, Michigan, area. Results: Thirty-three of 148 women developed at least one further episode of Candida albicans vulvovaginitis within 1 year of follow-up. Cultures of Candida species from various sites of the woman (tongue, feces, vulva, and vagina) and from her partner (tongue, feces, urine, and semen) did not predict recurrences. Female factors associated with recurrence included recent masturbating with saliva (hazard ratio 2.66 [95% CI 1.17-6.06]) or cunnilingus (hazard ratio 2.94 [95% CI 1.12-7.68]) and ingestion of two or more servings of bread per day (p ≤ 0.05). Male factors associated with recurrences in the woman included history of the male masturbating with saliva in the previous month (hazard ratio 3.68 [95% CI 1.24-10.87]) and lower age at first intercourse (hazard ratio 0.83 [95% CI 0.71-0.96]). Conclusions: Sexual behaviors, rather than the presence of Candida species at various body locations of the male partner, are associated with recurrences of C. albicans vulvovaginitis.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/63382/1/154099903322643901.pd

    Gender, Research, and Advocacy: What We’ve Learned and What Work Lies Ahead

    Get PDF
    From the global Women’s Marches to the #metoo movement and SDG 5, women’s rights and gender equality are clearly among the most urgent issues for the international human rights movement today. Long-held commitments and established language on women’s rights and gender equality are under threat at all levels of governance and in issue areas ranging from sexual violence to reproductive health to political participation. If history has made one thing clear, it’s that women’s rights are fragile and constantly at risk of being extinguished for political purposes. This panel will explore the following four themes from the conference in light of this global reality: Connecting Scholars and Practitioners: What are the opportunities and limitations of connecting research and advocacy when working on women’s rights and/or gender equality issues? Which research methods are ideal for bridging scholars and practitioners on these issues? Movements: To what extent do we or should we distinguish between studying (and doing) women’s activism and using a gender perspective in human rights advocacy? Are there ways in which greater visibility to women’s issues has narrowed our understandings of women? To the exclusion of other gender-related issues? Technology: What role does technology play in creating visibility for gender issues and voices? For sharing research on human rights advocacy or aiding mobilization? Neoliberal Solutions: What is the status of philanthropy and funding for work on gender issues? Have market-based solutions to raise funds for NGOs become dominant in ways that perpetuate stereotypes

    Revisiting the neuropathology of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

    Get PDF
    Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is one of the leading causes of infant mortality in the United States (US). The extent to which SIDS manifests with an underlying neuropathological mechanism is highly controversial. SIDS correlates with markers of poor prenatal and postnatal care, generally rooted in the lack of access and quality of healthcare endemic to select racial and ethnic groups, and thus can be viewed in the context of health disparities. However, some evidence suggests that at least a subset of SIDS cases may result from a neuropathological mechanism. To explain these issues, a triple-risk hypothesis has been proposed, whereby an underlying biological abnormality in an infant facing an extrinsic risk during a critical developmental period SIDS is hypothesized to occur. Each SIDS decedent is thus thought to have a unique combination of these risk factors leading to their death. This article reviews the neuropathological literature of SIDS and uses machine learning tools to identify distinct subtypes of SIDS decedents based on epidemiological data. Methods: We analyzed US Period Linked Birth/Infant Mortality Files from 1990 to 2017 (excluding 1992–1994). Using t-SNE, an unsupervised machine learning dimensionality reduction algorithm, we identified clusters of SIDS decedents. Following identification of these groups, we identified changes in the rates of SIDS at the state level and across three countries. Results: Through t-SNE and distance based statistical analysis, we identified three groups of SIDS decedents, each with a unique peak age of death. Within the US, SIDS is geographically heterogeneous. Following this, we found low birth weight and normal birth weight SIDS rates have not been equally impacted by implementation of clinical guidelines. We show that across countries with different levels of cultural heterogeneity, reduction in SIDS rates has also been distinct between decedents with low vs. normal birth weight. Conclusions: Different epidemiological and extrinsic risk factors exist based on the three unique SIDS groups we identified with t-SNE and distance based statistical measurements. Clinical guidelines have not equally impacted the groups, and normal birth weight infants comprise more of the cases of SIDS even though low birth weight infants have a higher SIDS rate.Fil: Blackburn, Jessica. The Ohio State University College Of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Chapur, Valeria Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Biología de la Altura; ArgentinaFil: Stephens, Julie A.. The Ohio State University College Of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Zhao, Jing. The Ohio State University College Of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Shepler, Anne. The Ohio State University College Of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Pierson, Christopher R.. The Ohio State University College Of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Otero, José Javier. The Ohio State University College Of Medicine; Estados Unido

    Interaction des effets du comportement de signalisation, de la lumière ambiante et de la couleur du plumage chez un oiseau tempéré, la Mésange bleue Parus caeruleus

    Get PDF
    Individuals can increase their conspicuousness to conspecifics while minimizing their probability of detection by predators by choosing the time and location of their display. Conspicuousness arises from the contrast between the light reflected by the colour patches, and the light reflected by the visual background in ambient light used for displays. Conspicuousness also depends on the discrimination abilities of both conspecifics and predators. We investigated whether different light environments are present in temperate woodlands, and whether male Blue Tits use this variability to optimize intraspecific conspicuousness while reducing the probability of detection by predators. We measured refl ectance of plumage and visual backgrounds, irradiance of available light environments during the breeding period. We used measures of photoreceptor sensitivity of the Blue Tit Parus caeruleus and of a bird approaching that of its main predator the European sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus. We found different light environments in space and time (during the day and throughout the year) that birds could exploit and select for sexual signalling. The blue crown colour appears to be more conspicuous in early/late light environments but during the day it appears to be least conspicuous in woodland shade for both conspecifics and predators. Male Blue Tits, by displaying more intensively at dawn during the breeding period, would optimize intraspecifi c communication without minimizing detectability by predators. Inversely, by choosing to sing mainly in woodland shade during the day, male Blue Tits reduce the probability of visual detection by predators but also their visibility to conspecificsLes individus peuvent maximiser leur visibilité par rapport aux congénères tout en minimisant leur probabilité d'être détectés par leurs prédateurs en choisissant le moment et le lieu de leur comportement de signalisation. La visibilité d'un patron de couleur d'un individu est déterminée d'une part par le contraste entre la lumière reflétée par les différents signaux colorés du patron et la lumière reflétée par le fond visuel dans la lumière ambiante où est effectué le comportement de signalisation. Elle est déterminée d'autre part par la capacité de détection de ce contraste par les systèmes visuels des congénères et des prédateurs. Nous avons étudié tout d'abord si différents environnements lumineux peuvent se distinguer dans une forêt tempérée d'un parc urbain, et ensuite si les mâles de Mésange bleue utilisent cette variabilité pour optimiser leur visibilité intraspécifique tout en réduisant la probabilité de détection par les prédateurs. Nous avons mesuré la réflectance des différentes régions du plumage et des fonds visuels, l'irradiance des environnements lumineux disponibles pendant la période de reproduction, et nous avons utilisé les mesures de la sensibilité des photorécepteurs de la Mésange bleue Parus caeruleus et ceux d'un oiseau ayant un système visuel similaire à celui de son principal prédateur l'Epervier d'Europe Accipiter nisus. Nous avons trouvé des environnements lumineux différents dans le temps et dans l'espace (au cours d'une journée et au long de l'année) que les oiseaux pourraient exploiter et sélectionner pour la signalisation sexuelle. Nous avons trouvé que la couleur de la calotte paraît être plus visible dans l'environnement lumineux aube/crépuscule pour les congénères et prédateurs. Par ailleurs, cette couleur apparaît moins visible dans l'ombre de bois pendant le jour pour les congénères comme pour les prédateurs. Les mâles de Mésange bleue, en se signalant plus intensivement à l'aube durant la période de reproduction, optimiseraient la communication intraspécifique sans minimiser leur détectabilité par leurs prédateurs. Au contraire, en choisissant de chanter principalement dans l'ombre de la végétation au cours de la journée, les mâles de Mésange bleue réduisent la probabilité d'une détection visuelle par leurs prédateurs mais aussi leur visibilité aux congénères

    Maturation of West Nile virus modulates sensitivity to antibody-mediated neutralization

    Get PDF
    West Nile virions incorporate 180 envelope (E) proteins that orchestrate the process of virus entry and are the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. The E proteins of newly synthesized West Nile virus (WNV) are organized into trimeric spikes composed of pre-membrane (prM) and E protein heterodimers. During egress, immature virions undergo a protease-mediated cleavage of prM that results in a reorganization of E protein into the pseudo-icosahedral arrangement characteristic of mature virions. While cleavage of prM is a required step in the virus life cycle, complete maturation is not required for infectivity and infectious virions may be heterogeneous with respect to the extent of prM cleavage. In this study, we demonstrate that virion maturation impacts the sensitivity of WNV to antibody-mediated neutralization. Complete maturation results in a significant reduction in sensitivity to neutralization by antibodies specific for poorly accessible epitopes that comprise a major component of the human antibody response following WNV infection or vaccination. This reduction in neutralization sensitivity reflects a decrease in the accessibility of epitopes on virions to levels that fall below a threshold required for neutralization. Thus, in addition to a role in facilitating viral entry, changes in E protein arrangement associated with maturation modulate neutralization sensitivity and introduce an additional layer of complexity into humoral immunity against WNV

    Functional Profiling of Antibody Immune Repertoires in Convalescent Zika Virus Disease Patients

    Get PDF
    The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) caused widespread infections that were linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and congenital malformation in fetuses, and epidemiological data suggest that ZIKV infection can induce protective antibody responses. A more detailed understanding of anti-ZIKV antibody responses may lead to enhanced antibody discovery and improved vaccine designs against ZIKV and related flaviviruses. Here, we applied recently-invented library-scale antibody screening technologies to determine comprehensive functional molecular and genetic profiles of naturally elicited human anti-ZIKV antibodies in three convalescent individuals. We leveraged natively paired antibody yeast display and NGS to predict antibody cross-reactivities and coarse-grain antibody affinities, to perform in-depth immune profiling of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody repertoires in peripheral blood, and to reveal virus maturation state-dependent antibody interactions. Repertoire-scale comparison of ZIKV VLP-specific and non-specific antibodies in the same individuals also showed that mean antibody somatic hypermutation levels were substantially influenced by donor-intrinsic characteristics. These data provide insights into antiviral antibody responses to ZIKV disease and outline systems-level strategies to track human antibody immune responses to emergent viral infections
    • …
    corecore